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Caching

Embeddings can be stored or temporarily cached to avoid needing to recompute them.

Caching embeddings can be done using a CacheBackedEmbeddings. The cache backed embedder is a wrapper around an embedder that caches embeddings in a key-value store. The text is hashed and the hash is used as the key in the cache.

The main supported way to initialized a CacheBackedEmbeddings is from_bytes_store. This takes in the following parameters:

  • underlying_embedder: The embedder to use for embedding.
  • document_embedding_cache: The cache to use for storing document embeddings.
  • namespace: (optional, defaults to "") The namespace to use for document cache. This namespace is used to avoid collisions with other caches. For example, set it to the name of the embedding model used.

Attention: Be sure to set the namespace parameter to avoid collisions of the same text embedded using different embeddings models.

from langchain.embeddings import CacheBackedEmbeddings, OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.storage import (
    InMemoryStore,
    LocalFileStore,
    RedisStore,
    UpstashRedisStore,
)

Using with a vector store​

First, let’s see an example that uses the local file system for storing embeddings and uses FAISS vector store for retrieval.

from langchain.document_loaders import TextLoader
from langchain.embeddings.openai import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter
underlying_embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
fs = LocalFileStore("./cache/")

cached_embedder = CacheBackedEmbeddings.from_bytes_store(
    underlying_embeddings, fs, namespace=underlying_embeddings.model
)

The cache is empty prior to embedding:

list(fs.yield_keys())
[]

Load the document, split it into chunks, embed each chunk and load it into the vector store.

raw_documents = TextLoader("../state_of_the_union.txt").load()
text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=1000, chunk_overlap=0)
documents = text_splitter.split_documents(raw_documents)

Create the vector store:

%%time
db = FAISS.from_documents(documents, cached_embedder)
CPU times: user 608 ms, sys: 58.9 ms, total: 667 ms
Wall time: 1.3 s

If we try to create the vector store again, it’ll be much faster since it does not need to re-compute any embeddings.

%%time
db2 = FAISS.from_documents(documents, cached_embedder)
CPU times: user 33.6 ms, sys: 3.96 ms, total: 37.6 ms
Wall time: 36.8 ms

And here are some of the embeddings that got created:

list(fs.yield_keys())[:5]
['text-embedding-ada-002614d7cf6-46f1-52fa-9d3a-740c39e7a20e',
 'text-embedding-ada-0020fc1ede2-407a-5e14-8f8f-5642214263f5',
 'text-embedding-ada-002e4ad20ef-dfaa-5916-9459-f90c6d8e8159',
 'text-embedding-ada-002a5ef11e4-0474-5725-8d80-81c91943b37f',
 'text-embedding-ada-00281426526-23fe-58be-9e84-6c7c72c8ca9a']

In Memory​

This section shows how to set up an in memory cache for embeddings. This type of cache is primarily useful for unit tests or prototyping. Do not use this cache if you need to actually store the embeddings.

store = InMemoryStore()
underlying_embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
embedder = CacheBackedEmbeddings.from_bytes_store(
    underlying_embeddings, store, namespace=underlying_embeddings.model
)
%%time
embeddings = embedder.embed_documents(["hello", "goodbye"])
CPU times: user 10.9 ms, sys: 916 µs, total: 11.8 ms
Wall time: 159 ms

The second time we try to embed the embedding time is only 2 ms because the embeddings are looked up in the cache.

%%time
embeddings_from_cache = embedder.embed_documents(["hello", "goodbye"])
CPU times: user 1.67 ms, sys: 342 µs, total: 2.01 ms
Wall time: 2.01 ms
embeddings == embeddings_from_cache
True

File system​

This section covers how to use a file system store.

fs = LocalFileStore("./test_cache/")
embedder2 = CacheBackedEmbeddings.from_bytes_store(
    underlying_embeddings, fs, namespace=underlying_embeddings.model
)
%%time
embeddings = embedder2.embed_documents(["hello", "goodbye"])
CPU times: user 6.89 ms, sys: 4.89 ms, total: 11.8 ms
Wall time: 184 ms
%%time
embeddings = embedder2.embed_documents(["hello", "goodbye"])
CPU times: user 0 ns, sys: 3.24 ms, total: 3.24 ms
Wall time: 2.84 ms

Here are the embeddings that have been persisted to the directory ./test_cache.

Notice that the embedder takes a namespace parameter.

list(fs.yield_keys())
['text-embedding-ada-002e885db5b-c0bd-5fbc-88b1-4d1da6020aa5',
 'text-embedding-ada-0026ba52e44-59c9-5cc9-a084-284061b13c80']

Upstash Redis Store​

from langchain.storage.upstash_redis import UpstashRedisStore
from upstash_redis import Redis

URL = "<UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL>"
TOKEN = "<UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN>"

redis_client = Redis(url=URL, token=TOKEN)
store = UpstashRedisStore(client=redis_client, ttl=None, namespace="test-ns")

underlying_embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
embedder = CacheBackedEmbeddings.from_bytes_store(
    underlying_embeddings, store, namespace=underlying_embeddings.model
)
%%time
embeddings = embedder.embed_documents(["welcome", "goodbye"])
%%time
embeddings = embedder.embed_documents(["welcome", "goodbye"])
list(store.yield_keys())
list(store.client.scan(0))

Redis Store​

from langchain.storage import RedisStore
# For cache isolation can use a separate DB
# Or additional namepace
store = RedisStore(
    redis_url="redis://localhost:6379",
    client_kwargs={"db": 2},
    namespace="embedding_caches",
)

underlying_embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings()
embedder = CacheBackedEmbeddings.from_bytes_store(
    underlying_embeddings, store, namespace=underlying_embeddings.model
)
%%time
embeddings = embedder.embed_documents(["hello", "goodbye"])
CPU times: user 3.99 ms, sys: 0 ns, total: 3.99 ms
Wall time: 3.5 ms
%%time
embeddings = embedder.embed_documents(["hello", "goodbye"])
CPU times: user 2.47 ms, sys: 767 µs, total: 3.24 ms
Wall time: 2.75 ms
list(store.yield_keys())
['text-embedding-ada-002e885db5b-c0bd-5fbc-88b1-4d1da6020aa5',
 'text-embedding-ada-0026ba52e44-59c9-5cc9-a084-284061b13c80']
list(store.client.scan_iter())
[b'embedding_caches/text-embedding-ada-002e885db5b-c0bd-5fbc-88b1-4d1da6020aa5',
 b'embedding_caches/text-embedding-ada-0026ba52e44-59c9-5cc9-a084-284061b13c80']